Montana Elk and Deer Applications

The Montana elk and deer application process is widely regarded as one of the most complex in the hunting world. The sheer number of regulations, point systems, and unit-specific rules can be overwhelming for both seasoned hunters and newcomers alike. However, with the guidance of experts and a little preparation, Montana’s public lands and thriving wildlife populations provide an incredible opportunity for memorable hunting experiences. 

Understanding Preference and Bonus Points 

Montana’s hunting point system is divided into two distinct categories, each serving a different purpose. 

Preference Points are exclusively for non-residents and apply to general combination licenses — which include the big game combo, elk combo, and deer combo. These points increase the likelihood of drawing a general tag. For example, holding two preference points in 2024 gave applicants a 90% chance of drawing a general elk or big game combo tag, while having zero points meant a 57% chance for select tags, as 25% of tags are reserved for zero-point applicants. 

"Preference points are purged if not applied by April 1," explained Eric Bashoffner on the podcast. "They’re non-cumulative beyond three and cost $100 each. Losing them by forgetting to apply can be an expensive mistake." 

Bonus Points, on the other hand, are available to residents and non-residents alike and apply to Montana’s limited entry permit units. These bonus points are squared, which increases the odds of drawing a tag over time but never guarantees success. Unlike preference points, bonus points remain active until used. 

One key distinction between these systems lies in their purpose. While preference points help non-residents secure general combination tags — tags residents can otherwise purchase over the counter — bonus points strictly pertain to limited entry units for special hunts. 

The Application Process in a Nutshell 

According to Hunt Advisors, Eric Bachofner and Robert Hanneman, mastering Montana's application system requires a firm grasp of the order of operations. All non-residents must first apply for and draw a general combination tag before becoming eligible to enter the limited entry draw for certain units. The first stage of the draw handles these general license applications, while the second phase focuses on limited entry permits. 

"If you're planning to apply, always throw your name in for limited entry units. For just $9 more for elk and $5 for deer, you can aim for the moon. If you don't draw, you still hold the general tag in hand." 

Non-residents applying without sufficient preference points or purely relying on the random draw system should consider strategies carefully. Garth Jensen summarized it well during the episode, noting, "If you're going zero points, you're left with a 50%-ish random chance each year for the big game combo tag. Otherwise, investing $100 per preference point boosts your odds significantly for future years." 

Important Dates and Nuances to Keep in Mind 

2025 Key deadlines and specifics:  
Application Deadline: All Montana elk and deer applications for the 2025 season must be submitted by April 1, 2025.  Applicants also have until August 1 to return a general tag they no longer want, securing an 80% refund.  

This refund timeline is a valuable buffer for non-residents trying to juggle applications across multiple states. "By August 1, you’ll know how your draws went in every other state, like Colorado or Wyoming and it's smarter to hold your tag just in case plans change." 

Another critical rule is hunters cannot purchase preference points retroactively after the main application period ends if elected not to buy one at that time. However, you can buy preference points during the points only period later in the fall if you did not participate in the draw at all. 

Montana’s Unique Hunting Challenges 

Drawing a tag is only the first step in Montana's hunt. Once boots hit the ground, non-residents must adapt to the state's famed hunting pressures. While Montana has robust elk populations often exceeding objectives, especially in areas like Region 3, public-land hunting isn't a guaranteed success story. 

"Average success rates on forest service land hover around 10%." Crowding, particularly in well-known areas, adds another layer of difficulty. We recommended outworking other hunters by targeting overlooked pockets or less popular zones. 

Additionally, if you opt for a limited entry permit, note that it might come with specific restrictions. For example, some limited entry rifle tags restrict access exclusively to the designated unit, even during archery seasons. Simply put, always check the specifics of your tag to avoid legal or strategic missteps. 
 

Tools and Resources to Simplify the Process 

One of the highlights of this podcast episode was the discussion of crucial mapping tools created by the Huntin' Fool team. These resources condense Montana's abundant and confusing regulations into accessible, color-coded maps, complete with notes on allowable take types and special season dates.  

"These maps save so much time and eliminate costly mistakes."  

"Keep them downloaded on your phone while you're hunting to avoid accidentally crossing into units where you can't hunt." Having these tools on hand can prevent breaking regulations, which is a serious concern in a state with such intricate hunting zones. 

Looking Toward the Future 

The last few years have seen a downward trend in Montana’s mule deer populations, driven by harsh winters, disease, and over-harvesting of does. "Mule deer populations have dropped nearly 50% in Eastern Montana, which is alarming. FWP is making changes, like limiting doe tags to private land only, but time will tell if those efforts turn the tide." 

Meanwhile, Montana’s elk herds remain healthy, offering an excellent opportunity for hunters. Some speculate changes to hunting seasons or tag allocations may be imminent, as discussions around mule deer recovery and balancing rising hunter pressure continue among policymakers. 

Overall, Montana remains a bucket-list destination for hunters eager to manage the complexities of the draw system. Its vast public lands, lengthy seasons, and diverse wildlife provide plenty of reward for those willing to put in the effort. 

For further help navigating the system, Huntin' Fool members can contact experienced advisors like Eric and Robert or access valuable resources such as the Huntin' Fool Magazine and their specialized state maps. Rookie or veteran, these resources can turn frustration into success in Big Sky Country. 

Recent Podcast Episodes:

> EP 237: Montana Elk & Deer Draw for 2025
> EP 216: Montana Archery Elk Dream Hunt with Lucas Paugh
> EP 215: Montana Elk Hunting: Early Season Archery